Wrapper for permanent waving of hair



y 1934- D. LAKENBACH 1,957,049

WRAPPER FOR PERMANENT WAVING OF HAIR Filed June 8, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet l y 3934- P D. LAKENBACH 1,957,049

WRAPPER FOR PERMANENT WAVING OF HAIR Filed June 8, JG?! 2 Sheets-Sheet, 2

2; ORNEY/ Patented May 1, 1934 UNITE STATE PAT NT FFEC Daniel Lakenbach, Valley Cottage, N. Y., assignor to Cada Company, Inc., a corporation of New York Application June 8, 1933, Serial No. 674,787

4 Claims.

My invention relates to wrappers for use in the art of permanent waving of human hair and more particularly to so-called hair waving pads employed for enclosing a strand of hair and. pro- 5 viding a source of moisture necessary for the production of steam in the permanent waving process.

The devices of the prior art for the purposes hereinabove stated comprise sheets of a flannel or felt material stitched along one edge thereof to a strip of water-proof material, for instance, aluminum foil, the flannel or felt portion of the pad being provided with a tab or tabs of like material extending from one edge thereof for the purpose of making a steam-tight closure after the pad has been wrapped about the strand of hair.

It is to be noted that in the process of permanent waving human hair, the primary requisite for the development of a proper wave is steam and not moisture. The required steam is obtained from moisture, for instance, a suitable permanent waving solution with which the flannel or felt portion of the pad is impregnated, a requisite amount of heat by any suitable means being imparted to the flannel or felt material thus impregnated to develop the requisite amount of steam.

It is well known that adequate precautions must be taken to prevent the escape of steam from the enveloping wrapper not only to obtain from the developed steam the greatest amount of its inherent permanent waving capacity but also to prevent the escaping steam from injuring the scalp.

The devices of the prior art to prevent such escape of steam from the enveloping wrapper have taken the form, as hereinabove explained, of projecting tabs on the flannel material which, after the pad has been wrapped about the strand of hair, are folded over the end portions of the Wrapper adjacent the scalp thereby preventing the escape of steam through that end of the wrapper. The other end or" the wrapper is crimped about the supporting rod upon which the tress of hair has been previously wound, thereby effectively sealing the end of the wrapper not contiguous with the scalp.

I have found that the arrangement of projecting tabs upon the pad or upon the flannel sheet or upon the aluminum foil has certain disadvantages which those skilled in the art have not been able to overcome due to the particular manner in which the enveloping wrapper is used in the art of permanent waving. For instance, in the process or" impregnating the felt or flannel sheet with a suitable solution such as is commercially used in the art of permanent waving, the tabs, being integral with a sheet of felt or flannel material, themselves become substantially saturated with permanent waving solution due to the hygro scopic nature of the material, capillary action being sufficient to draw the solution from the main body of the sheet, through substantially the entire area of the projecting tabs. When, therefore, the pad has been wound about the tress of hair to be waved, the steam that is produced through the application of heat to the solution-saturated sheet, is produced not only from the body of the sheet, but also from the tabs saturated with the solution. An effective closure or sealing is therefore not obtainable as the steam is being produced throughout the entire area of the sheet, including the tabs and although the tabs are folded over the end of the envelope, steam is enabled to escape from the tabs over such end.

In accordance with my invention, I am enabled to dispense with the use of tabs of any kind whatsoever and to overcome the difficulties existent with the use of the prior art devices. In accordance with such invention, I provide a body of dry hygroscopic material positioned at the end of the wound wrapper in such a manner that steam is effectively protected from escaping from the enclosure and steam is prevented from forming at those portions of the wound envelope from which it may not be effectively prevented from escaping. In accordance with my invention only such portion of the felt or flannel sheet which it is desired to saturate with the permanent waving solution is thus saturated, leaving an area of dry material surrounding such saturated portion so as to effect a tight moisture and vaporproof sealing of the wrapper. Thus, by providing a quantity of substantially dry but absorbent material, I provide a means for absorbing any excess moisture that may be present or might have been imparted to the flannel sheet in the course of its saturation. It is to be noted that the tress of hair before being wound on the curler rod is moistened with a solution which produces a certain amount of steam vapor when the hair comes into proximity with the heating device, the dry absorbent material provided upon my novel wrapper envelope being sufficient to absorb the moisture from the hair, so as to prevent the production of steam in close proximity to the scalp and thereby prevent any possible injury to the scalp by the contact of live steam therewith.

A further object of my invention is to provide an improved pad or wrapper or simple, practical and inexpensive construction capable of being applied to its proper position about the strand of hair with the minimum of requisite skill.

The above and further objects of the invention will be evident to those skilled in the art from the following description of my novel forms of wrapper, two embodiments of which are shown in the accompanying drawings by way of illustration rather than by way of limitation.

In such drawings Fig. l is a plan view of one embodiment of my invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof;

Fig. 3 shows the form of wrapper illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 in the course of its application to the strand of hair wound about the curling rod;

Fig. 4 shows the wrapper in its wound position about the tress of hair upon the rod;

Fig. 5 shows the second embodiment of my novel wrapper suitable for use in the Croquignole method of permanent waving;

Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the wrapper shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 shows the Croquignole curling rod and the protector element used in conjunction therewith;

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the wrapper applied to the Croquignole rod and clamp with a heating unit applied thereto; and

Fig. 9 is a section on the line 99 of Fig. 8.

In order to understand more clearly the use to which the two types of wrappers comprising the subject matter of my invent-ion may be put, a brief description of the two well known methods of permanent waving are herein given.

In the method of the prior art more particularly designated as the spiral method of permanent waving, the hair to be waved is formed into a tress and is wound upon a tapered rod, the smaller diameter end of which is placed near the scalp, the tress of hair being wound from its end adjacent to the scalp toward its free end upon such a tapered rod in the form of a helix so that the hair after heat treatment has imparted thereto a configuration described in the art as a spiral wave.

In my co-pending application, Serial No. 650,084, filed January 4, 1933, I have shown and described a method of permanent waving in which the necessity of using such a tapered rod is eliminated, there being used in place thereof a clamping element adapted to embrace a tress of hair at a region thereof near the scalp, a curling rod or spindle being removably secured to such clamping member in a position perpendicular to the surface of the clamping element and therefore at right angles to the surface of the scalp. My present invention is capable of application with devices either of the type now well known to the art or the type shown and described in my pending application hereinabove referred to, the first form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive being adapted for use with any spiral type of permanent waving system.

In the second well known method of permanent waving, more particularly designated as the Croquignole method, a so-called curl has been imparted to the tress of hair by winding the strand from its free end toward the end adjacent the scalp upon a rod whereupon such strand is treated with a solution while enclosed in a substantially moisture tight envelope, the envelope being covered by a sectional heater by which heat is applied to the strand as in the spiral method. In this conventional method, the hair is wound on the spindle or curling rod in a continuous series of concentric overlapping circles so that the hair, after it has been given its heat treatment, has imparted thereto a circular 01' substantially helical configuration which, for the lack of a more precise descriptive term, is described as a Cllll.

The second form of my invention illustrated in Figs. 5 to 9 is applicable to this system of permanent waving.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, in which similar reference characters identify similar parts in the several views, my novel wrapper comprises a sheet 10 of flannel or any similar absorbent material which is adapted to be impregnated with the usual permanent waving solution hereinabove referred to, for instance, by dipping such flannel pad into a body of such solution. This sheet is preferably made of a single thickness but obviously may be cut from a rectangular sheet and doubled upon itself. The pad is secured, for instance, by stitching or stapling, as indicated at 11, to one longitudinal edge of a strip formed of parchment l2 and aluminum foil 13, the two latter materials forming an aggregate strip in which the two constituent strips are held together, for instance, by pressure in the course of manufacture of the strip. The strip 14 comprised of the parchment and aluminum foil is of substantially rectangular form somewhat larger in area than the flannel pad 10. The strip of parchment paper may be replaced by any suitable material which will not be chemically affected by the permanent waving solution with which it comes into contact and the sheet of ahuninum foil may be replaced by any other suitable material presenting a pliable body to the wrapper when the same is wrapped about the strand of hair.

Along the upper edge of the aggregate strip 14, I attach by any suitable means, for instance, by stitching, stapling, etc., a roll of cotton or similar material of substantial thickness, at any rate greater than the thickness of strip 14, constituting an absorbent roll running substantially throughout the length of the upper edge of the composite strip 14. I have found that a roll of cotton covered with a sheet of gauze presents the requisite amount of absorbing characteristics although it is obvious that any other suitable material having substantially similar properties may be used in place of the cotton roll. For instance, the primary object of providing the roll of cotton contiguous with one edge of the composite sheet 14 is to provide a bulk of material capable of effectively sealing the envelope against the escape of steam; any obvious subteriuge eliminating the use of a roll but otherwise providing a strip of dry hygroscopic material as a sealing medium would be within the spirit of my invention. I have in mind particularly the obvious expedient of cutting a narrow strip along the one end of a narrow pad before the saturation thereof with the permanent waving solution and turning such cut strip upon the composite sheet 14 thereby obtaining a dry strip as a sealing means after the flannel pad has been saturated with solution and turned over upon the composite sheet 14 and secured about the tress of hair.

It is also obvious that it is not necessary to secure the dry strip or roll to the wrapper body in the course of its manufacture or previous to its application to the wound tress of hair but that a cotton roll, such as is herein described, may be applied separately as a sealing medium. I desire to be understood therefore that an integral construction of flannel pad, parchment and aluminum aggregate and dry roll is not a necessary and exclusive combination of my invention.

In order to assist the operator in properly positioning the roll of cotton about the curler rod in its proper relationship with respect to the wound tress upon the curler rod, I provide the cotton roll with a soft wire 15 reenforcing element running substantially the length thereof which makes possible the proper securing of the roll in position and prevents slippage thereof out of its proper correlated position with respect to the remaining elements of the permanent waving device.

In Figs. 3 and 4 I have illustrated, in outline, a type of clamping element shown and described in an application executed concurrently with the instant application and somewhat of the type shown and described in my pending application Serial No. 650,084 hereinabove referred to. The clamping element shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is to be used in conjunction with a curling rod shown in such co-pending application and a heating unit shown in the application concurrently executed with the instant application, the application of my novel wrapper to such permanent waving device being shown, as I desire to show the best embodiment of my invention in the instant application.

In such best and preferred embodiment, the tress of hair 16 is clamped betweeen the cooperating units of the clamping element 1'7 and is then wound about the curling rod 18 being tightened thereon and secured by the butterfly member 19. The flannel pad portion of the wrapper is then saturated with the usual permanent Waving solution by being dipped into such solution, care being taken not to bring such solution into contact with the cotton roll 14a such flannel sheet being wound about the tress of hair, the composite sheet being then wound about the flannel pad concurrently with the cotton roll 14a attached thereto, the cotton roll being placed adjacent the clamping element 1'7 as clearly shown in Fig. 4, the free edge of the composite sheet 14 being then crimped about the lower edge of the curler rod 18.

In the application of my invention to the Croquignole method of permanent waving, the wrapper comprises a felt or fiannelsheet 20, a parchment sheet 21 and a-strip of aluminum foil 22 secured together at their meeting edges by stitching or stapling in the usual manner well known to those skilled in the art. Along one longitudinal edge of the aggregate sheet of felt, parchment and aluminum foil is attached, for instance, by stitching 23, the cotton roll 24 of substantially the same configuration and for a like purpose as that described with respect to the roll 14a of the first embodiment of my invention. A soft wire 25 runs the length of said roll preferably adjacent the stitching 23.

In a device employing the Croquignole method of permanent waving, the tress of hair 26 is clamped between the base portion 27 and a rubber cover top portion 28 of a clamping element, the two portions of the clamping element being brought into locked cooperative engagement by means of a locking device 29 of well known construction. The hair having been wound upon a curler rod 30in thewell known manner characteristic of the Croquignole method, the rod with the hair wound thereon is then secured upon the clamping device and a heating element inserted therein with the curling rod in the manner described in my application executed concurrently with the instant application. The novel wrapper of my present invention is then applied in an arouate form shown clearly in section in Fig. 9, the roll 24 being placed on the side of the clamping device adjacent the rubber covered element 28. While in the preferred form of my invention, it is sufficient to provide roll 24 only upon one edge of the wrapper, i. e., that which is to be placed adjacent the rubber covered element of the clamping device, it is obvious that such a roll may be placed also along the other longitudinal edge of the wrapper. I have found, however, that the sealing of the wrapper to prevent the escape. of steam is necessary only through the space between the curling rod having the hair wound thereon and the rubber covered element of the clamping device. When the wrapper has thus been secured in position the usual type of clamp well known in the art or a clamp in conjunction with a heating unit is applied to the outer surface of the wrapper.

While I have described a separate roll of cotton attached to the aggregate pad of felt, parchment and aluminum foil by means of stitching it is obvious that an effective sealing device may be obtained by rolling the outer edge of the felt pad 195 extending beyond the parchment and aluminum foil strip into a roll and I desire to be understood that such form of roll is within the ambit of my invention.

While I have described specific embodiments of 110 my invention, it is obvious that various changes therein and particularly in the arrangement and configuration of the parts may be made without departing from my invention.

I claim:

1. A wrapper for enclosing a wound strand of hair during the application of heat thereto in a hair waving process, said wrapper comprising a sheet of flannel, a strip of soft, pliable, non-absorbent material stitched to said flannel sheet along at least a portion of one side thereof and a roll of absorbent material attached to said strip along one edge thereof.

2. A Wrapper for enclosing a wound strand of hair during the application of heat thereto in a hair waving process, said wrapper comprising a sheet of flannel, a strip of soft, pliable, nonabsorbent material stitched to said flannel pad along at least a portion of one side thereof and a roll of absorbent material attached to said 130 strip along one edge thereof, said roll being constituted of a wad of cotton having a covering of gauze.

3. A wrapper for enclosing a wound strand of hair during the application of heat thereto in a 135 hair waving process, said wrapper comprising a sheet of fabric, a strip of soft, pliable, non-absorbent material secured to said fabric strip along at least a portion of one side thereof, and an absorbent element attached to said strip and 140 adapted to absorb any excess moisture present in the hair or fabric, thereby preventing the formation of steam in such close proximity to the scalp as to injure the latter, said absorbent element being provided with a wire running throughout 145 its length to give body thereto.

4. A wrapper as claimed in claim 1, in which the roll of absorbent material is provided with a wire running throughout its length to give body thereto. DANIEL LAKEN'BACH. 

